Abstract of

Struggling Readers
From Phonological Awareness to Fluency in Each Lesson

Melinda Smith

Barbara J. Walker

David Yellin

Many beginning readers struggle with decoding text. The current trend is to directly teach them decoding skills in repeated but isolated lessons; however, the authors propose that struggling second graders would benefit from instruction that both moves them through the development of phonic knowledge and focuses on meaning.

Abstract from Smith, M., Walker, B.J., & Yellin, D. (2004, November). From Phonological Awareness to Fluency in Each Lesson. The Reading Teacher, 58(3), 302–307. doi: 10.1598/RT.58.3.8